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A journey of Earth's 4.6 billion year history

EarthDoc is a long-term project documenting the history of Earth. Through film, blog, and podcast, it seeks to tell the story of our planet's evolution over 4.6 billion years from a rigorous scientific perspective.

Energy Stays Behind: Two Engines and the Atmospheric Greenhouse of the Hadean
Hadean

Energy Stays Behind: Two Engines and the Atmospheric Greenhouse of the Hadean

Energy does not automatically stay on Earth — it has to be retained. The Sun shines continuously and the Earth's interior radiates heat constantly, but without an atmosphere to intercept it, that energy would escape straight into space, leaving a permanently frozen world. The Hadean story begins here: two energy engines pour heat into the surface system, while a thick CO₂ atmosphere acts as a valve, allowing energy to linger long enough to sustain liquid water — and laying the physical groundwork for energy to be stored in chemical bonds. Read more →

More Blogs

How Earth's Oceans Formed: The Birth of the Oceans in the Hadean Eon
Hadean

How Earth's Oceans Formed: The Birth of the Oceans in the Hadean Eon

Over 70% of Earth's surface is covered by oceans, but this vast expanse of blue was not always there. During the Hadean eon, as the scorching early Earth gradually cooled, water vapour condensed from the thick atmosphere and fell as rain, accumulating into Earth's first oceans. This article traces the origin of Earth's water, the story of the first rainfall, and the geological evidence preserved in ancient zircon crystals. Read more →